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www.rand.orgPreface
U.S. policy in the Middle East across successive administrations on balance has not
Produced positive results for American interests or for the region. Despite aspirations
across the political spectrum to Pivot away from the Middle East after decades of costly
interventions，challenges emanating from a region mired in instability will continue
to affect U.S. interests. The question, howeveb is whether maintaining long-standing
U.S. policies一which are heavily reliant on threat-based paradigms and military instru-
ments of power一w计 Produce better outcomes in the future. Or is it time to rethink
Some of the fundamental premises underlying U.S. policymaking in this region?
This report assesses the advantages and trade-offs of an alternative regional strat-
egy in which strategic goajls link to a broader understanding of stability that priori-
tizes reduced conflict， better governance, and greater growth and development, We
consider how a U.S. strategy in the Middle East might look 计the approach shifted
from an emphasis on what we call 力reatz1N一focusing on the threat of the day and
Particularly the Iranian threat一to a positive vision of a region supported by increased
diplomatic and economic investments，one in which the sources of extremism and
interstate competition are reduced to manageable levels. Reimagining U.S. strategy
in the Middle East with a positive, but not idealized, vision of outcomes (rather than
focusing on onjy the threats we are trying to contain) could lead to a new set of policy
options for future decisionmakers to consider.
This research analyzes how key instruments of U.S. policy一political，security
economic, diplomatic, and informational一would need to adjust to more effectively
addresses current regional challenges in ways that are mindful of limited resources at
home. Given pandemics,， climate change, and disruption in oil markets一combined
with the regions multiple conflicts and governance failures一U.S. strategy can no
longer afford to focus on the state and leadership level while neglecting societal is
and the region\'s people. Nor can the United States pursue its regional interests alone.
Our strategic reassessment of U.S. policies in the Middle East takes these consider-
ations Seriously leading to a critical examination of how we deal with both partners
and adversaries, both in and outside the region, and the pojlicy tools we might better
leverage to advance our strategic goals to the benefit of both the United States and the
Tegion.iv Reimagining U.%. Strategy in the Middle East: sustainable Partnerships, Strategic Investments
Funding
Funding for this project was provided by a generous gift from the Broad Reach
Foundation.
About the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy
This research was conducted within the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy
a center within International Programs at the RAND Corporation. The center brings
together analytic excellence and regional expertise from across RAND to address the
most critical political social, and economic challenges facing the Middle East today.
For more information about the RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy visit
www:Iand.org/international/cmepp or contact the director (contact information is pro-
vided on the webpage).
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