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本文节选自《On Writing Well》电子版：
2“Foreachaspectoflifetherearefresponsesofform，Safdiewrites，notingthatthemapleandtheelmhavewideleavestoabSsorbthemaximumamountofsunforSurvivalinatempetrateclimate，whereastheolivetreehasaleafthatrotatesbecauseitmustpreservemoistureandcan”tabsorbheat，andthecactusturnsitselfperpendiculartoLight.Wecanallpictureamaplejleafandacactusplant.，Witheveryhardprinciple，SafdiegivesusaSimpleIl1lustration:Economyand_SurvivalarethetwokeyWordsinnature.Examinedoutofcontext，theneckofthegifraffeSeemsUneconomicallylong，butitiseconomicalinviewofthefactthatmostofthegiraffe”sfoodishighonthetree.Beautyasweunderstandlit，andasweadmirelitinnature，1sneverarbitrary.Ortakethisarticleaboutbats，byDianeAckerman.Mostofusknowonlythreefactsaboutbats:they”remammnals，wedon”Ttlikethem，andthey”vegotSomekindofradarthatenablesthemtoflyatnightwithoutbumpingintothings.0ObviouslyanyoneWritingaboutbatsmustSoongetaroundtoexplaininghowthatmechanismof“echo-location”works.InthefollowingpassageAckermangivesUsdetailsSoprecise一andSo_easytorelatetowhatweknow一thatthepro
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ceSssbecomesapleasuretoreadabout:It”Snothardtounderstandecho-locationifyoupicturebatsascallingorwhistlingtotheirpreywithhigh-frequencySounds，Mostofuscan”tthearthese，AtouUryoungestandkeenestofear，wemightdetectSoundsof20,000_vibrationsasecond，butbatscanvocalizeatUpto200,000._Theydo让notinaasteadyStreambutatintervals一20of30timesaSecond.AbatlistensfortheSoundstoreturntoit，andwhentheechoesStartcomingfasterandlouderitknowsthattheinsectit”sstalkinghasflownnearer.Byjudgingthetimebetweenechoes，abatcantellhowfastthepreylsmovingandinwhichdifrection.SomebatsareSensitiveenoughtoregister8abeetjlewalkingonsand，andsomecandetectthemovementofamothflexingitswingsasitSitsonaleaf.That”smyideaofsensitive;LIcouldn”taskaWritertogivemetwomoreWonderfulexamples.Butthere”smoretomyadmirationthangratitude工alsoWonder:howmanyotherexamplesofbatsensitivitydidshecollect一dozenSs?hundreds?一tobeabjleto_choosethosetwo?AlwaysStartWithtoomuchmaterial，Thengiveyourfreaderjustenousgh.ASthebatclosesin，计timayShoutfaster，topinpointitsprey，Andthere”saqualitativ
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edifferencebetweenaSteady，Solidechobouncingoffabrickwallandthe]ight，fluidechofromaSwayingflower.，Byshoutingattheworldandlisteningtotheechoes，batscancomposeapictureoftheirlandscapeandtheobjectsinitwhichincludestexture，density，motion，distance，Sizeandpfrobablyotherfeatures，too.Mostbatsreallybelt让out;Wejustdon”fthearthem，ThisisaneeriethoughtWhenoneStandsinasilentgrovefilledwithbats.，TheySpendtheirwholelivesyelling.Theyyellattheirlovedones，theyyellattheirenemies，theyyellattheirdinner，theyyellatthebig，bustlingworld，Someyel1lfaster，SomeSlower，Somelouder，SsomeSofter.，Long-earedbatsdon”tneedtoyell;theycanheartheirechoesperfect1lywelliftheywhispeT.AnotherWayofmakingScienceacceSsSiblelstowrite1ikeapersonandnotlikeascientist.It”SsSthesaneoldquestionofbeingyourself.Justbecauseyou”tedealingwithaScholarlydisciplinethat”susuallyreportedinaStyleofdrypedantryisnoreasonWhyyouShouldn”twriteingoodfreshEnglish，LorenEiseleywasa_naturalistwhorefusedtobecowedbynatureashepassedontoUs，in7HpeLense.orzpenotonlyhisknowledgebuthisenthusiasms:
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