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本文节选自《On Writing Well》电子版:
Withinfiveminutes,ortenminutes,hnomorethanthat,threeoftheothershadcalledheronthetelephonetoaskherifshephadheardthatSomethingphadhappenedoutthere.一7O1][扣2呈THERIGHTSTUFFYouknowmorethanyouthinkyoudo.一DVI1HNp1Nop0CpBABYANDCHILDCAREThoseareSomeSuggestionsonhowtogetStarted,Now工WanttotellyouhowtoStop.Knowingwhentoendanarticleisfarmoreimportantthanmostwritersrealize,YouShouldgiveasmuchthoughttochoosingyourlastSentenceasyoudidtoyourfirst,Wel1l,almostasmuch.ThatmaySeemhardto_believeIfyourreadershaveStuckWithyoufromthebeginning,tralilingyouaroundblindcornersandoverbumpyterfrain,Ssurelytheywon”tleavewhentheendisinSight.Surelytheywill,becausetheendthat”SSinsightturnsouttobeamirage.Liketheminister”SSermonthatbuildstoaaseriesofperfectconclusionsthatneverconclude,anarticlethatdoesn”tStopWhereitshouldStopbecomesadragandthereforeafailure,MostofusareStill1prisonersofthelessonpoundedintoUSbythecompositionteachersofouFryouth:thateveryStoOFymusthaveabeginning,amiddleandanend.,Wecanstillvisualizetheoutline,withitsRomannumerals(I,IIandIII),whichstakedoutthetf
on writing well索书号
oadwewouldfaithfullytrudge,anditssubnumerals(IIaandTIIb)denotinglesserpathsdownWhichweWouldbrieflypoke.ButwealwayspfromisedtogetbacktoIIIandSummarizeouUFrjourney.That”sallrightforelementaryandhighschoolstudentsUncertainoftheirground,[Itforcesthemtoseethateverypieceofwritingshouldhavealogicaldesign.It”salessonWorthknowingatanyage一evenprofessionalWritersareadriftmoreoftenthantheywouldliketoadmit.Butftyou”TtregoingtowritegoodnonfictionyoumustwriggleoutofIII”sdreadgrip,You”11knowyouhaveartfrivedatIIIwhenyouseeemergingonyoUTScreenasentencethatbegins,“TInsumitcanbenotedthat…”0Oraquestionthatasks,“Whatinsights,then,havewebeenabletogleanfrom…?”TheseareSignalsthatyouareabouttorepeatincompressedformwhatyouhavealreadysaidindetail.Thetreader”Ssinterestbeginstofalter;thetensionyouhavebuiltbeginstoSag.YetyouWillbetruetoMissPotter,yourteacher,whomadeyouSWwearfealtytotheholyoutline.Youremindthereaderofwhatcan,inSum,benoted.,Yougogleaningonemoretimeininsightsyouhavealreadyadduced.Butyourreadershearthe1laboriousSoundofcranking.Theynoticewhatyouaredoinga
on writing well作者介绍
ndhowboredyouareby1t.TheyfeeltheStirringsoffresentment,Whydidn”tyougivemorethoughttohowyouweregoingtowindthisthingup?2OrareyouSummarizingbecauseyouthinkthey”rtretoodumbtogetthepoint9Stil1,youkeepcranking,Butthereadershaveanotheroption,Theyquit.That”sthenegativefreasonforfrememberingtheimportanceofthejlastSentence.FailuretoknowwherethatsentenceShouldoccurcanWreckanarticlethatuntilitsfinalStagehasbeentightlyconstructed.,ThepositivereasonforendingWellisthatagoodlastSentence一oflastparagraph一1Sajoyinitself.,Itgivesthereadera1Lift,andit1ingersWhenthearticleisoveTr.TheperfectendingshouldtakeyourreadersSlightlybySUrpriseandyetSeemexactlyright.,Theydidn”texpectthearticletoendSoSoon,orSoabruptly,ortoSayWhat让Said,ButtheyknowitwhentheyseeitLikeagoodlead,jtWorks,It”sSslikethecurtainlineinatheatricalcomedy.Weareinthemiddleofascene(wethink),whensuddenlyoneoftheactorsSayS,Somethingfunny,oroutfrageous,orepigrammatic,andthelightsgoout.,WeareStartledtofindtheSceneover,andthendelightedbytheaptnessofhow让ended,Whatdelightsusistheplaywright”sperfectcontrol.
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