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本文节选自《On Writing Well》电子版:
StreamofuraniumionsisdeflectedbyelectromagnetsinaVacuumchamber.The_chamberanditsassociatedequipmentarecalledacalutron.TheheavierU-238ionsaredeflectedjless_thantheU-235ions,andthisSlightdifferenceisusedtoseparateoutthefissileU-235.However,“whatintheoryisavefryefficientpfrocedureisinpracticeavery,verymessyaffair,”saidLeslieThorne,WhorecentlyretiredasfieldactivitiesmanagerontheJIAEAactionteam.Invariably,SomeU-238ionsremainmixedwiththeU-235,andionStreamscanbehardto_control.0.K,That”sSsveryclear,ButppprristheprocessSomessy9?友rraretheionStreamshardtocontfrol2Thewriterobliges.Heneverforgetswherehelefthisreadersinthepreviousparagraphandwhattheywanttoknownext.Thetwodifferentisotopicmaterialsaccumulateincup-ShapedgraphitecontainerSs.,Buttheiraccumulationinthetwo,containerscanbethrownoffwildlybysmallvariationsinthepowerto,andtemperatureof,theelectromagnetSs.ThusinpracticethematerialstendtoSpatterallovertheinsideofthe_vacuumchamber,whichmustbecleanedaftereveryfewdozenhoursofoperation,That”sanybo
on writing well电子版
dy”sSsideaofmessy.,Buthasthisprocess,nevertheless,everWorked2?Hundredsofmagnetsandtensofmillionsofwattsareneeded,DuringtheManhattanProject,forexample,theYY-12EMISfacilityat0akRidgeinTennesseeUsedmorePowerthanCanada,plustheentireU.S,StockpileofSilver;the]atterWasusedtoWindthemanyelectromagnetsredquired(coppefrwasneededelsewhereinthewareffort).Mainlybecauseofsuchproblems,U.S,SscientistsbelievedthatnocountryWouldeverturntoEMIStopfroducetherelatively]argeamountsofenrichedmaterialneededforatomicWeapons....ThediscoveryoftheIraqiEMISprogramhadmuchofthedramaofagoodSpynovel1,Thefirstclueapparent1LycameintheclothingofU.S,hostagesheldbyIraqiforcesatTuwaitha,AfterthehostagesWerereleased,theirclotheswere,analyzedbyintelligenceexperts,whofoundinfinitesimalSamplesofnuclearmaterialswithisotopicconcentrationspfoducibleonlyinacalutron....“Suddenlywefoundalivedinosaur,”saidDemetriosPerTfricos,deputyheadoftheIAEA”sIraqactionteam.Eveninthemidstofsuchhightechnologythewriterneverlosesthehumaningredient.Thi
on writing well读后感
sisntastoryabout“science”;it”sastoryaboutpeopledoingscience一a_gangofclandestinebompbp-makersandateamofhigh-techcops.,Thequoteaboutthedinosaur1Spuregold,ametaphorwecanallunderstand,Evena_childknowsthatdinosaursaren”taroundanymore.WiththeinevitabilityofgooddetectiveWork,thearticlebuildstotheoutcomethathasbeenthewholepointoftheinvestigation:thediscoverythatIraq,“notlimitingitselfto“pfroducingWeapons-gradematerials,WaSConcurfent1Tystrugglingtobuildadeliverableweaponaroundthematerial,a_dauntingtaskknownasWeaponization.”Firstwearetoldwhatoptionsexistforanyoneattemptingthattask:Thetwobasictypesofatomicbombsaregundevicesandimplosionweapons.Thelatteraremuchmoredifficulttodesignandbuild,butprovidehigherexplosiveyieldsfora_givenamountoffissilematerial.ITIAEAinvestigatorshavefoundno_evidencethatIraqwasactivelypursuingagundevice;计Liisclear,theySay,thattheyconcentfratedtheirmoneyandfresourcesonanimplosiondevice,andhadevenStartedworkonfairlyadvancedimplosiondesigns.What”sanimplosiondevice?Readon:
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