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INTRODUCTION
For the last 50 years, Congress has intermittently focused on postal reform, from 1970 when 计
changed the status of the United States Postal Service (USPS) from a government department to
an independent government agency to the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006
(PAEA). Given the dramatic changes in the business environment for USPS, especially in the last
year it is time for Congress to revisit reform, but this time to focus on two key aspects: first，
freeing UP USPS to make the right kinds of reforms needed to reduce costs; and Second, to
establish a major USPS Technology Innovation Fund to help drive future technological
innovations，particularly to get to robotic last-mile postal delivery.
This report makes a number of recommendations:
Ensure USPS can continue to take full advantage of its efficient national last-mile
delivery network for mail and packages, in part by preserving Six-day-a-week delivery.
Congress and the administration should not require USPS to raise its prices for package
delivery.
Congress Should explicitly encourage USPS to close money-losing post offices and, where
appropriate, work with private-sector companies to provide acceptance Services.
Congress should explicitly encourage USPS to consolidate postal processing facilities in
an effort to create the most efficient overall national processing network.
Congress and USPS should support expanded work sharing in areas Such Sorting and
processing. USPS and the Postal Regulatory Commission (PRC) should regularly update
work-share discounts to reflect current network operations.
Congress,， USPS, and the postal unions Should craft a grand bargain on retirement: In
exchange for increasing the age of retirement for postal workers, Congress should wave at
least a portion of the total amount of pre-funded payments USPS is delinquent in making
to its retirement fund.
Congress should give USPS more flexibility to adjust wages to reflect local costs of living.
Neither Congress nor USPS itself should expand the mission of USPS to new, non-postal-
related Services.
Congress Should provide the Postal Service with the same kind of one-time funding as
airlines and other private-Ssector employers that are facing a steep decline in demand due
to the pandemic.
Congress should pay for USPS to replace existing vehicles that are past their expected
USseful life with clean energy vehicles.
Congress should appropriate at least $1 billion a year dedicated to a USPS robotics
development and adoption fund.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION 1 FEBRUARY 2021 PAGE 12020:AYEAR OF TURMOIL FOR THE NATION AND USPS
2020 was a year of turmoil, disruption, and tragedy, much of which impacted USPS. There Was
more public attention on the Postal Service than in decades. It was wrapped up in controversy，
including over potential conflicts of interest with the Trump-appointed postmaster general and
potential delays in vote-by-mail delivery (which did not, fortunately, come to fruition). At the
same time, frontline postal workers had to cope with CQOVID-19, with a number of workers
getting Sick.
Notwithstanding these challenges, Americans continue to view USPS very favorably. A poll by the
Harris corporation asking Americans to rank companies in terms of the essential role they played
in the crisis finds that USPS ranks as the most favorable, ahead of such popular brands as
Clorox, Google, United Parcel Service (UPS), and Walmart.1
However the market environment for USPS was difficult in FY 2020, to say the least. First-class
mail volume declined by 4.8 percent, following a decline in FY 2019 of 3.2 percent. And
between 2006 and May 2020, volume declined 44 percent.” USPS marketing mail, which
comprises most“other”mail volume, declined from 75.7 million pieces in FY 2019 to 64.2 in
FY 2020, a decline of 14.7 percent. From 2007 to 2019, it declined 27 percent.3
The market environment for USPS was difficult in FY 2020, to say the least.
At the same time,， package volumes and revenue increased Significantly in FY 2020, by 25
percent and 19 percent respectively. This is not Surprising given the significant growth in e-
commerce, as more Americans relied on this channel for everything from medicines to food to
clothing. Indeed, the pandemic accelerated key shifts in business and consumer behavior. While
the technology for remote work, remote education, and remote commerce have long been
developed, it took the pandemic to Spur widespread adoption. As Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella
stated last year with reference to the pandemic,“We\'ve seen two years\' Worth of digital
transformation in two months.”4 While much of this shift was moderate, it is likely that at a
Significant portion of the shift to digital and e-commerce Will persist.
This has Significant Implications for the health of the Postal Service, particularly as“market
dominant”products, especially first- and third-class mail, continue to decline and packages
continue to increase. Historically, after economic recessions, mail has only made a partial
comeback一and given the continued trend toward digitization, we can likely expect continued，
moderate declines. Any efforts at reform need to take into account this critical trend, as
packages provide the needed revenue to keep the Postal Service afloat.
THREE MAIN APPROACHES TO REFORM
While effective postal reform by necessity involves delving into postal arcana一work-Ssharing
discounts, pricing of market-dominant and competitive products, pension fund payment
Schedules, the structure of the Postal Regulatory Commission, and the like一much of the debate
Ooccurs at a higher and more fundamental level. The following are three main visions for
postal reform, with proposed solutions logically following from each overarching vision and
ideological goal.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION 1 FEBRUARY 2021 PAGE 2Competition and Privatization
One long-running view of postal reform is that more, if not all，USPS services should be
privatized一even going so far as to privatize the entire enterprise. Many conservatives embrace
this View because of their ideological Suspicion of government and preference for market-based，
business-led solutions.
These proposals can be as narrowly focused as requiring USPS to increase prices on Competitive
package services so that its market share shrinks (or even is eliminated) and the share of
companies Such as UPS and FedEX grows. This was a key goal of the Trump administration\'S
postal reform efforts.5
Often the goals are broader, Such as to bring competition to virtually all postal functions. Case in
point: a recent Heritage Foundation report arguing that Congress Should end USPS\'s universal
service obligation and its letter-box monopoly so as to encourage competition with the
private Sector.5
one long-running view of postal reform is that more, if not all, USPS services should be privatized一
even going so far as to privatize the entire enterprise. Many conservatives embrace this view because
of their ideological suspicion of government and preference for market-based, business-led solutions.
Some want to go beyond opening up USPS to competition and limiting its services to mail-only
(and not packages); Some want to privatize the organization itself. In a report for the Brookings
Institution，Elaine Kamarck，proposed:
That future Should begin with a decision to break the organization into two separate
entities. One organization Should be a public sector organization with the sole mission of
delivering on the_ universal mandate一defined in a way that meets the reality of the
information age. The other organization Should be privatized so that it is out from under
the laws and regulations that make innovation and flexibility all but impossible. This new
organization Should be allowed to compete with similar organizations in the private Sector
and only if the Subsidy issue can be worked out So that the new competitor does not have
an enormous and distorting market advantage and if it is managed by people with private
Sector experience.7
To be sure, in most parts of the economy, competition and private-Ssector provision of goods and
services maximize ConSsumer welfare. But there are several factors that make the Postal Service
different. First，postal delivery is a natural monopoly, and opening this up to competition Would
mean less efficiency, not more. Compare this with broadband Internet Services, Which Some
argue is also a natural monopoly. But this is _ not because of technology. Different wires that
already go to households一cables for TV and copper wires for telephone一are both used to deliver
broadband. And with 5G wireless and new low-Earth-orbit satellites, conSsumers will have even
more options to get broadband.8 But only one organization Visits every household in America Six
days a week, and that is the Postal Service. Opening Up the last mile to competition would only
increase overall costs as multiple workers would visit each household every day, each delivering
less mail than the average postal worker delivers.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION 1 FEBRUARY 2021 PAGE 3
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