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本文节选自《On Writing Well》电子版:
10一一02一一Blts人PilecesThisisa_chapterofScrapsandmorsels一Smalladmnonitionsonmanypointsthat工havecollectedunderone,astheySay,umbrel1a.VERBS。Useactiveverbsunlessthereisnocomfortablewaytogetaround_usingapassiveverb.,ThedifferencebetweenanactiveverbStyleandapassive-verbStyle一inclarityandVigor一1SsthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforaWTriter.“Joesawhim”isstrong.,“HewasseenbyJoe”isweak.ThefirstisShortandprecise;itleavesnodoubtaboutwhodidwhat.Thesecondlsnecessarilylongerandithasaninsipidquality:SomethingwasdonebySomebodytoSomeoneelse,It”salsoambiguous.HowoftenwasheseenbyJoe9?Once?Everyday?Onceaweek?Astylethatconsistsofpassiveconstructionswillsapthefreader”senergy.。NobodyeverquiteknowswhatisbeingperpetfratedbywhomandonWhonm.TIuse“perpetrated”becauseit”sthekindofwordthatpasSive-voiceWritersarefondof.,TheypreferlongwordsofLatinorigintoShortAnglo-Saxonwords一which_compoundstheirtroubleandmakestheirSentencesstillmoreglLutin
on writing well简介
ous.Shortisbetterthanlong,Ofthe701wordsinLincoln”sSecondInauguralAddress,amarvelofeconomyinitself,505areWordsofoneSyllableand122arewordsoftwoSyllables.Verbsarethemostimportantofallyourtools.,TheypushthesentenceforwardandgivejtLmomentum,Activeverbspushhard;passiveverbstugfitfully,ActiveverbsalsoenableUSto_visualizeanactivitybecausetheyfedquireapronoun(“he”),orahoun(“theboy”),oraperson(“Mrs.Scott”)toputtheminmotion。Manyverbsalsocarryintheirimageryorintheirsounda_Suggestionofwhattheymean:glitter,dazzle,twirl1,beguile,scatter,SWagger,poke,pamper,Yvex.ProbablynootherlanguagehasSuchavastSupplyofverfrbsSobrightwithcolor,Don”tchooseonethatisdullormefrelyServiceable.Makeactiveverbps_activateyouUrSentences,andavoidthekindthatneedanappendedpfrepositiontocompletetheirwork.Don”tsetupabusinessthatyoucanstartorlaunch.,Don”TtsaythatthepresidentofthecompanySteppeddown.Didheresign2Didheretire?Didhegetfired?Bepfrecise,Usepr
on writing well作者
eciseverbs.IfyouwanttoSeehowactiveverbsgivevitalitytotheWrittenWord,don”ttjustgobacktoHemingwayorThurperorThoreau._工commnendtheKingJamesBibleand由11iamShakespeare.ApvERBS.MostadverbsareunneceSssary.YouWillclutteryourSentenceandannoythefreaderifyouchooseaverbthathasaSpecificmeaningandthenaddanadverbthatcarfriestheSamemeaning,,Don”{ttellusthattheTtradioblaredloudly;“blare”connotesloudness.Don”TtwritethatSomeoneclenchedhisteethtightly;there”snootherwaytoclenchteeth.,AgainandagainincarelessWriting,StrongverbsareWeakenedbyredundantadverbs,SoareadjectivesandotherpartsofSpeech:“effortlesslyeasy,”“gsSlightlyspartan,,?”“totallyflabbergasted.”Thebeautyof“flabbergasted”isthat让imnpliesanastonishmentthatistotal;Tcan”ttpictureSomeonebeingpartlyflabbergasted.,LIfanactionisSOeasyastobeeffortless,Use“effortless.”Andwhatis“slightlyspartan”?Perhapsamonk”scellwithwal1l-to-Wallcarpeting,Don”tuseadverbsunlesstheydonecesSsary
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