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本文节选自《Look Again 万维钢》电子版：

CREATIVITY:UVvVERCUOMING[THEHABITUATIONUF[HOUeHT及ZNtpottcpazapgeteze帮1207101200011071CC110110132102110eJo7Z7IUNNODC11NC1万一C.WILLIAMPOLLARDIAsATEENAGER,DICKFosburyfeltlikeaHop.AstudentatMedfordHighSchoolinOregon,helovedsports,buthewasnotespeciallygoodatthem.Inhighschoolheaspiredtojointhefootballteam,butwastoldhewastoosmall.Sohetriedthebasketballteam,butwastoldhewasunskilled.Sohejoinedthetrack-and-fteldteam，buttheretoohestruggledtofindhisPlace.Hefinallysettledonthehighjump,butfailedtoclearftvefeet一theminimumrequiredtoqualifyformanyhighschooltrackmeets.Fosburyknewhehadtomakeachange计hewasto,inhisownwords，firstofall,stoplosing,andsecondofal，Stayontheteam.22玉youwatchahighjumpeventtodayyouw记seetheathletesruntowardthebarfollowingaJ-shapedroute,thenjumpoverfacingtheskywiththeirbacktothebar.Ihistechnique,，theFosburyfop,isnamedafteritsinventor一DickFosbury.Butintheearly1960s,whenFosburywasstilinhighschool,alltheathletesjumpedfacingforward.3Thatwash

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owitwasdone,andnoonethoughtofdoingitdifterently.UntilFosburycamealong.Peopleljaughedathim.TheythoughtthattheFosburyfopwasabsurd.IThey由oughthewasgoingtobreakhisneck.“Idon\'tthinkmanypeopletookhimtooseriously”saidFrankJoews,ateammate<Noonejumpedlikethat.ButFosburyhadthelastljaugh.In1968hewonthegoldmedalinthehighjumpattheOlympics.AsoneofhiscollegefriendsPutit“Everyonewastalkingaboutrevolution,buttherewasthisherdmentajityofcopycatsioneguygrewhishairlong，soeverybodyelsedid.Buthehadsomethingtrulydiferent.DickFosburywastheonjytruerevolutionaryIevermet.22Whenyouobservepeopledoingthesamethinginthesamewayoverandover,yourmindstopsregisteringtheiraction;itstopsresponding.Inasense，youhabituate.Youexpectpeopletositatthefrontwhentheydriveandthebackwhentheydon\'tbtoweatrshoesontheirfeetandglovesontheirhands;toeaticecreamwithaspoon,notafork.Sowhenpeopledoanyofthosethings,thereisnothingmuchtoprocess.Thereisno“surprise”signalinyourbraintodrawattentionandmak

Look Again 万维钢 txt下载

eyouthink“Heymaybewecandothingsdifterently?”Butonceinawhilesomeonedoescomealongandwonderwhetherthewaywehavealwaysdonethingsistheonlywaythebestway.Someonewhothinks，“Heymaybehumanscantravelbyair，notonlyontheground?”or“Heymaybebookscanbesoldonlineratherthaninaphysicalstore?”or\"Heymaybeyoucanjumphigherfacingbackwardratherthanforward?”Thequestion,then，is:Whatmakescertainindividualsdishabituatetothestatusquoanduljtimatelyinnovate?Partoftheanswerisneed.IfFosburyexcelledatforward-facinghighjumps，hewouldprobablynothavegiventhetechniqueasecondthought.ButFosburycouldnotmakethestandardjumpworkforhim.Hisfrustration,whichluckilywascombinedwithadoseofambition,waskeyinnudginghimtothinkaboutwhetherandhowhecouldjumpdiferentlyfromtherest.InSomeSense，Fosbury\'sfopsledtotheFosburyHop.Butneedisjustthebeginning,anditishardlyenough.Theearly1960swerealreadyatimeofchangeinhigh-jumping,evenbeforeFosburycameupwithhisrevolutionarybackwardjump.Firstwhileallathjletes

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