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本文节选自《Look Again 万维钢》电子版:
CREATIVITY:UVvVERCUOMING[THEHABITUATIONUF[HOUeHT及ZNtpottcpazapgeteze帮1207101200011071CC110110132102110eJo7Z7IUNNODC11NC1万一C.WILLIAMPOLLARDIAsATEENAGER,DICKFosburyfeltlikeaHop.AstudentatMedfordHighSchoolinOregon,helovedsports,buthewasnotespeciallygoodatthem.Inhighschoolheaspiredtojointhefootballteam,butwastoldhewastoosmall.Sohetriedthebasketballteam,butwastoldhewasunskilled.Sohejoinedthetrack-and-fteldteam,buttheretoohestruggledtofindhisPlace.Hefinallysettledonthehighjump,butfailedtoclearftvefeet一theminimumrequiredtoqualifyformanyhighschooltrackmeets.Fosburyknewhehadtomakeachange计hewasto,inhisownwords,firstofall,stoplosing,andsecondofal,Stayontheteam.22玉youwatchahighjumpeventtodayyouw记seetheathletesruntowardthebarfollowingaJ-shapedroute,thenjumpoverfacingtheskywiththeirbacktothebar.Ihistechnique,,theFosburyfop,isnamedafteritsinventor一DickFosbury.Butintheearly1960s,whenFosburywasstilinhighschool,alltheathletesjumpedfacingforward.3Thatwash
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owitwasdone,andnoonethoughtofdoingitdifterently.UntilFosburycamealong.Peopleljaughedathim.TheythoughtthattheFosburyfopwasabsurd.IThey由oughthewasgoingtobreakhisneck.“Idon\'tthinkmanypeopletookhimtooseriously”saidFrankJoews,ateammate<Noonejumpedlikethat.ButFosburyhadthelastljaugh.In1968hewonthegoldmedalinthehighjumpattheOlympics.AsoneofhiscollegefriendsPutit“Everyonewastalkingaboutrevolution,buttherewasthisherdmentajityofcopycatsioneguygrewhishairlong,soeverybodyelsedid.Buthehadsomethingtrulydiferent.DickFosburywastheonjytruerevolutionaryIevermet.22Whenyouobservepeopledoingthesamethinginthesamewayoverandover,yourmindstopsregisteringtheiraction;itstopsresponding.Inasense,youhabituate.Youexpectpeopletositatthefrontwhentheydriveandthebackwhentheydon\'tbtoweatrshoesontheirfeetandglovesontheirhands;toeaticecreamwithaspoon,notafork.Sowhenpeopledoanyofthosethings,thereisnothingmuchtoprocess.Thereisno“surprise”signalinyourbraintodrawattentionandmak
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eyouthink“Heymaybewecandothingsdifterently?”Butonceinawhilesomeonedoescomealongandwonderwhetherthewaywehavealwaysdonethingsistheonlywaythebestway.Someonewhothinks,“Heymaybehumanscantravelbyair,notonlyontheground?”or“Heymaybebookscanbesoldonlineratherthaninaphysicalstore?”or\"Heymaybeyoucanjumphigherfacingbackwardratherthanforward?”Thequestion,then,is:Whatmakescertainindividualsdishabituatetothestatusquoanduljtimatelyinnovate?Partoftheanswerisneed.IfFosburyexcelledatforward-facinghighjumps,hewouldprobablynothavegiventhetechniqueasecondthought.ButFosburycouldnotmakethestandardjumpworkforhim.Hisfrustration,whichluckilywascombinedwithadoseofambition,waskeyinnudginghimtothinkaboutwhetherandhowhecouldjumpdiferentlyfromtherest.InSomeSense,Fosbury\'sfopsledtotheFosburyHop.Butneedisjustthebeginning,anditishardlyenough.Theearly1960swerealreadyatimeofchangeinhigh-jumping,evenbeforeFosburycameupwithhisrevolutionarybackwardjump.Firstwhileallathjletes
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