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inventsomethingnew.Inmanyareas,theFosburysandIhalersamongusinjectideasfromUnexpectedPlacesintodomainswherethingshavegottenStuck一domainswherepeopleareinarut.Wehaveallbeenthere一ourmindsdothesameoldthing,dayin,dayout.istrueofpoets,novejists,artists,biologists,engineers,architects,andmusicians.Itistrueofhistoriansandscreenwtriters.Itistrueofathletes,anditistrueofPeopleinbusinessandgovernment.Casscanreportthatbureaucratsoftenfndthemselvesinarut.PublicServantswhohavewortkedinthesamejob,dayafterdayandyearafteryeat,tendtobeterrificatwhattheydo,andhighlyprofessional,buttheysometimesfnditdifnculttoimaginedoingthingsdifterently.Becausetheyarehabituatedtocertainwaysofoperating，theytakelong-standingpatternsandpracticesforgranted.TIhisisduenotonlytoriskaversion，butalsotoafailureeventoconsiderwhatrisksonemighttake.Thesameoftenhappensinindustry.Highlysuccessfulcompaniesgetinarutbycontinuingonthesamepaththeyhavebeentravelingforawhile.Insuchcasesdishabituationisoftentriggeredbynewcomers,whoinjectnewideasintoorganizationsnotbecausetheyareSmarterOfmorecreativebynature，butbecausetheyhavenotyetsettledintotheusualpatterns.Insteadofdoingwhathasalwaysbeendone,theylookatth

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ingsSidewaysorfromadistance,orfromverydifferentStartingpoints.Butfexiblethinkingneednotemergesolelyfromnewcomers.Organizationscanincreasecreativethoughtbyinducingsmallchangestoroutinesandenvironments,justasKellyMainandhercolleaguesdid.Forexample,theymaychangeemployees`physicalsurroundings,encourageemployeestotraininfieldsVerydiferentfromtheirown，creatediverseteamswithdifterentkindsofexpertise,oraskemployeestorotatethroughdifferentkindsofjobs.Asaresult，somemayendupjumpingdifterently.Theproblemisthatsometimestherestofthefieldisnotreadyfortheinnovation.MosthighjumperswereatfirstskepticalofFosbury\'sbackwardjumpandtriedtopersuadehimtoalignhimselfwiththenorm.ButallthatchangedduringtheU.S.trialsforthe1968Olympics.Usinghisunusualtechnique,FosburydidrelativelywellbuthewasstillonlyinfourthPlaceasthebarwasraisedto2.2meters.HehadtoPlaceatleastthirdtomaketheteam.EdCaruthers，oneofFosbury\'scompetitors,，clearedthebaronhisfirsttry.TIhenReynaldoBrowndidthesame.ButJohnHartfteld，whowasleadingthecompetitionUntilthatpointfailedallthreeofhisattempts.AllFosburyhadtodotogettothe1968OlympicsinMexicoCitywastoclearthatbar,andhedid.卫Therestishistory.Fosburycompetedinthe1968Ol

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ympicsinthehighjump.HedidnotjustwinthegoldmedalihesettheOlympicrecord,withajumpofsevenfeetfourinches.Hedidsonotjustbyjumpingbetter，butbyjumpingdifterently.OnceFosburyprovedtotheworldthesuperiorityofhistechnique,thefieldfollowed.BythenextOlympicsin1972,twenty-eightofthefortyjumpersusedtheFosburyfop.失WiththatFosburyessentiallylosthisadvantage.ThesecretofhissuccessWasnothismusclesorSpeed.Itwashismind.Butoncehisinnovationwasknowntoall,thosewithbetterphysicalabilitiestookhisplaceonthepodium.FosburynevermadeittoasecondOlympics，buthisinventioncertainlydid.Jodayseeingathjletesjumpbackwardisthenorm一SomethingtowhichfansoftheSporthaveallhabituated.In1988,twodecadesafterFosburywonOlympicgold,ahighschoolcoach，justforfun,demonstratedthestraddlemethod,whichhaddominatedthesportforsolong.Oneofhisjumpersresponded，“Whatintheworldisthat?”Anotherexclaimed“Nowzatisgoofy!?纪Inhigh-jumpingaswellaselsewhere,theintriguingquestionnowis:WhatwillbethenextbigHop，INotethatwhileameta-analysisoftherelevantliteratureSuggeststherelationshipbetweenthetwoexists,theeffectsizeissmall.工.和youarecuriousabout中ecommonanswerstotheabovewordtriplets,theyare1.commoni2.party;3.day;和snow;5.bank.

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