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本文节选自《Look Again 万维钢》电子版:
INANOTHER\'SSHOESWhenweexperiencediscriminationrepeatedly,welearntoexpectittosomedegree,atleastinitslessegregiousforms.Wehabituate,justastheelephantdidtoitschains,andwomenpriortothe1970sdidtotheirPositions.Weare由uslesslikelytorespondthan让discriminationwereunusual.Nevertheless,whenyouareonthereceivingendofbias,youmayhabituatemoreslowlyandperhapsnotperfectly.InCpazzoxojzze,thecelebratedflmaboutBritishOlympiansfromthe1920s,HaroldAbrahams,theJewishsprinter,capturesthefeelingwell:Itsanache,ahelplessness,ananger.Onefeelshumiliated.SometimesISaytomyself“Heysteadyon,youreimaginingallthis.”AndthenIcatchthatlookagain.Catchitontheedgeofarematk,feelacoldreluctanceinahandshake和Whyarevictimsofdiscriminationlesslikelytohabituatethanonlookers?Onereason,weSUspectisthatevenwhendiscriminationisfrequent,itcontrastswiththeimageonehasofoneself.AfemalePilotmay,tosomedegree,getUsedtothepossibilitythatothersbelievethatsheislessqualiftedthanmostmen,whichmaylowerherconftdencesomewhat.Yetsuchattitudeswillstillcontrastwithherdailyexperienceofskillfullycontrollinganaircraft.Ihismismatch一betweenwhatweobserveourabilitiestobe,andthegroup-basedexpectationsofUs一w计leadtoconstant\"errorSignals”inouUrbrain,w
《Look Again 万维钢》mobi
hichwillreducetherateofhabituation.Itfollowsthat计youtransformyourselffrommaletofemale,whitetoBlack,orStraighttogayyouw计bemorelikelytoperceivediscriminationthatyouwouldotherwisenotsee.ThisisexactlywhatisreportedbyPeoplewhohaveUndergonesuchchanges.Hereisafamousandinfuentialexample一ataleofhabituationanddishabituation.In1959thejournalistJohnHowardGriftinhadhisskintemporarilydarkened,sothathecouldpassasBlack.Forweeks,hetraveledin由eAmericanSouth,visitingGeorgia,Mississippi,Louisiana,Alabama,andArkansas.Griffinsmotivationwassimple:“IfwecouldonlyputourselvesintheshoesofotherstoseehowwewouldreacbthenwemightbecomeawareoftheinjusticeofdiscriminationandthetragicinhumanityofeverykindofPrejudice.”His1961book,BLaceZLzeede,wasaSensation.2Weacknowledgethatmanypeoplearenowoffendedbythebook,notbecauseofitsvividportrayalofracism(whichmadeitcontroversialatthetime),butbecauseofwhattheyconsidertobeitspresumptuousness.Whatwewanttoemphasizeisthatwhenitwaspublished,itgavewhitepeopleasenseofwhat站wouldbeliketobeaBlackpersonintheSouth一tovisitakindofupside-downworldinwhichonewouldbetreatedwithrage,brutalitysuspicion,ofcontemptbdespitebeingquiebhonest,andkind.Griffindescribedaworldwhereyoucouldbe由re
《Look Again 万维钢》mobi微盘
atenedordismissedfornoreason.“Nothingcandescribethewitheringhorrorofthis.Youfeellost,sickatheartbeforesuchunmaskedhatred,notSomuchbecauseitthreatensyoUasbecauseitshowshumansinsuchaninhumanlight.Youseeakindofinsanity,SomethingSoobscenetheveryobscenityofit(ratherthanitsthreat)terrifiesyoU26Grifhnsaysthathisexperiencehelpedhimtoseethat“culture一learnedbehaviorPatternssoingrainedthattheyproduceinvoluntaryreactions一isaPrison.”Helearnedtolivewithconstantfear.SomethingakintoGriffin\'sexperienceissharedbyindividualswhohavechangedtheirgender.Iransgenderscientists,forexample,reporta_significantandsurprisingchangeintheircolleagues”attitudestowardthemfollowingtheirtransition.Onceintheothergender\'sshoes,theyseethingstheywerenotabletoseebefore.Itseems,,then,thatonewaywecandishabituateisbytemporarilyputtingourselvesinanothersSkin.DoingwhatGriffindidatScaleisimpractical,butmoderntechnologyallowsustotaketinystepsindifterentshoes,,Usingvirtualreajity.、Doyouwanttoknowwhatitsliketohaveadiferentgender?Adifferentskincolor”ManyProjectsnowadaysallowyoutotakeonthePerspectiveofSomeoneofadifferentgenderorracebyputtingonavirtualreajityheadset3Youcan(virtually)visitadoctor,takethesubwayorinteract
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