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本文节选自《Look Again 万维钢》电子版:
SomepeopleinMasako\'sSituationwouldeventuallyhabituate,butMasakodidnot.Ultimatelyshewasdiagnosedwithaconditionknownasadjustmentdisorder.Approximately12percentofpeoplew记sufferfromthiscondition,inwhichindividualsexperienceSadness,hopelessness,andafeelingofbeingoverwhelmedinresponsetomajorjifechanges,badorgood.芋Ironically,Positiveeventssuchasobtaininganewdreamjob,recoveringfromcancerafteralongstruggle,andfindinglovecanalltriggeranepisode.DespitebeingPartoftheroyalfamilyfordecades,theempressneverTecovered.WhileafailuretohabituateisthedefitningfeatureofadjustmentdisorderifSeemastocharacterizenearlyallmentalhealthproblems.Thisfailurehasdiferentmasks,generatingavatietyofsymptoms,butthebasicproblemissharedacrossmentalhealthconditions.ONEBIRDATATIMEWehaveseenthatindividualswithmentalhealthconditions,suchasRonald,Veronica,andEmpressMasako,haveaparticularlyroughtimeadaptingtolifechanges,goodandbad(Suchasaglobalpandemicoraroyalmarriage)andtosajientjifeevents(Suchasabadgrade).Butemotionalhabituationtopositiveandnegativeeventsisnottheonlythingthatbreaksdowninmentalhealthconditions;otherformsofhabituationfailtoo.Considerthefollowingexample.AsyouProbablyrememberfromearlierchapters,whenyourbrainperceivesaconstant
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stimulus,itwillrespondtoitlessandlessovertime.Ingeneral,thisisagoodthingbecausebyignoringthingsthatdonotchange,resourcesafefreeduptofocusonPotentiallyconsequentialevents,Considerfaces.Whenyouobserveafrightenedface,yoUrbrainreacts.FacesingeneralandthoseconveyingemotionalexpressionsinParticujlar,areSalient.Theyoftencontainimportantinformation:Isthepersonangryofhappy?SadorUninterested?Thefacemightraisequestionsthatneedanswering:WhyisthePersonafraid*PerhapsItooamindanger?Soitmakessensethatyourbrainwillrespondstronglysignajlingthatthethinginfrontofyouisimportant.开thesamefaceappearsagainafewsecondslater,neuralactivityw记bereduced,,andnexttimeevenmoreSo.蕊ThisisbecauseonceinformationhasbeenProcessed,thereisnoreasontoreact.Butsuchhabituationisabsentinpeoplewithschizophrenia.Theywillobservethesameemotionalfaceagainandagainandagain,andeachtimetheirbrainw计respondasstronglyasitdidbefore.寺Itisas让theirbrainisProcessingtheinformationaneweverytime.Itisnotjustfaces.Asimilarphenomenonisobservedinresponsetoarangeofotherstimuli.15PeoplewithschizophreniaalsofnditdifculttoignoreconstantSoUnds,SUchasaStreetracketoro伍cenoise.Unjikewithmostpeople,neuronsintheirauditorycortexfailtodecreasetheirresponseovertimetorepeatedaud
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itorystimulisuchaschatterorsirens,whichcanmakeconcentrationdifficult.Allthisshowsthecriticalroleofhabituationforgoodmentalfunction.Wedon\'tstoptothinkaboutthisimportantfeatureoftheneuronsinouUrbrain,butoncethisabilityisimpaired,arangeofproblemsemerge,rangingfromdepressionandschizophreniatoPhobias.OurcolleagueLina,forexample,isafraidofbirds.,Pigeons,bluebirds,hummingbirds一sheisterriftedofthemall.Whenthesmallcreatureszoominherdirection,shescreamsandrunsaway.Birdphobiaisheronlyquirk,butitisProblematic.ShesuspectsthatHitchcock\'sclassicflm7peBzzeaisthecause.VisionsofviolentbirdsattackingITIippiHedrenandRodTaylorhavebeenPermanentlystampedinhermindfromayoungage.Whilebirdphobiaisrelativelyrare,itiscommonenoughtohaveaname:ornithophobia.ApparentlyLinaisinthecompanyofmanywell-knownandtalentedpeoplereportedtosufferfromornithophobia,includingLucileBall,IngmarBergman,ScarlettJohansson,andDavidBeckham.deLikeallmentalhealthproblems,phobiasareresistanttofameandfortune.Linadoeswhatmostpeoplewithaphobiado一shetriesherbesttoavoidtheSoUrceoftheterror.ShelivesinLondon,butstaysawayfromJrfafalgarSquare,whereyoucanftndhundredsofpigeonsinpursuitofseeds.ShehasneverhandledabirdnorwatchedthatterrifyingHitchcockclassicagain.
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