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NowimaginethatDubaiexperiencedasnowfurryeveryyearforthepasttenyears.Whenafurryfallsagain,wouldyoubothertomentionittoyourfriendsandfamily”What让youlivedinLondonandencountereda32\"Cdaywwhichwasprecededbya31?*Cdaywhichwasprecededbya30?CdaywhichwasPrecededbya29?Cday一wouldyoumentionthehotweathertoyourcolleagues?Agroupofscientists,headedbyFrancesMoore,eavesdroppedonPeoplescoOnyersationsonTwittertofndoutbetween2014and2016theymeasuredtheweeklyvolumeofweather-relatedtweets.Theyfoundthatpeopledidindeedtweetmoreabouttheweather计itwasUnusualfortherelevanttimeandplace.Thatis,过thehumiditywashighinMaine,youwouldseelotsofweather-relatedtweetsinMaine,butthatsamelevelofhumidityexperiencedinFloridawouldnottriggeraTwitterstormbecausetheweatherinFloridaisoftenhumid.Inanareathathadbeenexperiencingwarmerweatherthanbaselineforawhile,fewerweather-relatedtweetsappearedonhotthancolddays.Andinanareathathadbeenexperiencingcolderweatherthanbaselineforawhile,fewerweather-relatedtweetsappearedoncoldthanhotdays.OnaverageittookbetweentwotoeightyeatsforpeopletostopthinkingthatextremetemperatureswereUnusual.Thishappenedbecausepeopleadjustedtheirperceptionof\"normal.”EventuallyextremeWeatherwasperceivedasjustanotherdayonearth.Francesandherteambelievetheirdataindic

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ateda“boilingfrog”eftectandwarnthat“thenegativeeffectsofa_graduallychangingenvironmentbecomenormajlizedso_thatcorrectivemeasuresare_neveradopted.228Habituationcreatesanobstacle,because计peopledonotperceivethechange,theywilnotrecognizetheproblem.Withoutsuchrecognition,theworkofclimateactivistsbecomesevenharder.Aquestionremains:Dowefailtofeelveryhotorverycoldweather让changesgraduallyordowejustfailtotweetaboutit?DoweemotionallyandPhysicallyhabituatetoweatherchanges”Francesandherteamdidnotfindevidenceforthatintheirdata.However,studiesinwhichbodytemperatureiscarefullymanipulated,andphysiologicalresponsemeasured,SUggesttheanswerisyes，LESSSHIVERINGInMarch1961agroupofarmymenfromFortKnox,Kentucky,participatedinanUnusualandsomewhatUnpleasantexperiment.2ThemenwereStrippeddownandthenspenteighthoursadayforthirty-onedaysinatemperature-controlledroom.ThetemperaturewasSettoexactly53.24\"下(11.8\"C).Normalroomtemperatureisbetween68\"F(20\"C)and77SF(25\"C).Eachdaytheirphysiologicalreactionsweremeasured.IttranspiredthatthenudemenShiveredlessandlesswitheachpassingday-Shiveringisaresponsetothestressinducedbycoldiitproducesheatduetomusclemovements，DespitethereductioninShivering，themen\'srectaltemperatures(wetoldyouthisexperimentwasunpleasant)remainedcons

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tant.Thismeansthatthesoldiers”bodieshadacclimatizedtothecoldtemperature一theyproducedsu全cientheatwithoutshivering.Youmaywonder让thesoldierswereespeciallylikelytohabituatetothecoldduetotheirarmytraining.ButtheFortKnoxmenwerenoanomaly.Thesamephenomenonwasobservedincivilians.In2014forexample,anothergroupofmenspentthreehoursadayinabathofS7\"F(14C)waterfortwentydays.择Wehavenoideawhattheydidinthebathforsomanyhourseveryday.Regardless,onceagainagradualreductionofShiveringwasobservedovertime.Themenalsoreportedlessandlessdiscomfort,andtheirbloodworkshowed由eywereexperiencingreducedstressasthedayspassed.Theywerehabituating.Weareallcapableofhabituatingphysiologicallytootherwiseuncomfortableweatherbutmanyofusdonotallowthisnaturalprocesstotakeplace.Weftghtthecoldwithcupsofwarmherbalteaandchickensoup;weputonmittens,awoollyhatandscarf,andmakeanicewarmfire.Similarlywefghttheheatwithair-conditioning，coldshowers，andicedtea.Strictyspeaking，changingouUrbehaviorsuchthatwearelessbotheredbytheheatandcoldisaformofadaptation，butitpreventsthephysiologicalkind.Iogetusedtothefreezingcoldorsteamingheat,weneedtoabandonparkasandfansandexposeoUrselvestodiscomfortafewtimesaday.Ifwedoso,withinacoupleofweeksourbodywillstartchangingandwew记feellesscoldorlesshot.22

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